Week 30 - Invaisve Invertebrates

• Week 30 - Invaisve Invertebrates

  Monday, July 22, 2024

  Topics of the Week:

  • Invasive Species and Stages of Management
    
  • Invasive Invertebrates
    • Prevention
    • Eradication
    • Containment
    • Management
      

  • Invasive Species and Stages of Management

    Prevention is the most effective and low-cost solution for managing invasive species. Waiting until an invasive species is established to start management is costly and can harm valuable infrastructure and the natural biodiversity needed for healthy ecosystems.
    

    
    

    The invasion curve shows the stages of invasive species management from pre-arrival (prevention) to long-term control. After a species is introduced, management costs increase and likelihood of eradication decreases as time passes.

    • Prevention: The most cost-effective solution for managing invasive species. Public awareness is essential for this stage.
    • Eradication: Removing a species population in its entirety. If populations are localized, eradication is possible.
    • Containment: Reducing further spread of an introduced species. As populations increase, eradication becomes increasingly unlikely and priorities shift to preventing further spread.
    • Long-term control: The most costly stage of invasive species management. Eradication is unlikely to impossible and we instead focus on limiting populations and protecting remaining resources.

    Investing in prevention provides economic returns up to 100x higher than trying to manage a species after it arrives.

    
    
  • Invasive Invertebrates
    

    There are a plethora of invasive invertebrates in the United States, many of the are found here in Orange County.  Below are a examples of pests that have reached various points on the invasion curve.  You do NOT need to watch/read each resource provided, but you should familiarize yourself with each pest learning how to recognize it and whether or not it is currently found in Orange County. Then pick a few pests that interest you and dive deeper into the resources provided.
    
  • Prevention
    

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    URL

    The Threat - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) - USDA URL

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    It's up to each of us to stop hungry pests.
    

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    How They Spread - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) - USDA URL

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    Learn how hungry pests get around and what you can do to stop them.
    

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    What You Can Do - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) - USDA URL

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    Learn how you can do your part and leave hungry pests behind.
    

  • Eradication

    When invasive species are found and identified before they are wide-spread it is possible to completely remove the species.  Learn more about threats posed by and the eradication efforts of the:

    • Asian Long-horned Beetle
    • Northern Giant Hornet
      
  • Asian Long-horned Beetles

    First detected in Brooklyn, NY in 1996, this highly destructive wood boring beetle, it is likely to have arrived here from China as larva and pupa in wooden packing material. Since maples are the preferred host, spread of the Asian longhorned beetle would be devastating.

    
    

    Since its initial detection, the Asian longhorned beetle trees has been found at 22 sites located across seven states.  Through intensive eradication efforts, it has been eradicated from 18 of those sites.
    
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    URL

    Asian Longhorned Beetle Map - USDA URL

    Marcar como hecho
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    Página

    VIDEO: Asian Long-horned Beetle - University of Kentucky Extension Página

    Marcar como hecho
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    URL

    Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB) - NYS Department of Environmental Conservation URL

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  • Northern Giant Hornet (AKA Murder Hornet)

    After intensive monitoring and an unprecedented effort by volunteers as well as staff, no [Northern Giant Hornet] nests or individuals have been spotted since 2021. The Washington State Department of Agriculture considers an invasive species eliminated after three years without a sighting. 
    
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    VIDEO: Nest Zero - Murder Hornets in Washington State Página

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    VIDEO: Asian Giant Hornet - Washington State Department of Agriculture Página

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    URL

    Northern Giant Hornets - Penn State Extension URL

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  • Containment

    The main dispersal mechanism for many invasive species is human activity, therefore there are many things that we can do to help prevent their spread. Learn about the different strategies being deployed contain the spread of:

    • Asian jumping worms
    • spongy moth
    • spotted lanternfly
      
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    URL

    Don't Move Fire Wood: New York (copy) URL

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    Authorities in New York prohibit the movement of all types of untreated firewood into the state from outside sources. Untreated firewood originating in New York may not be moved more than 50 miles within the state. In New York, firewood is considered “treated” only if it has met the following conditions:

    • it has been heat-treated to 71° C (160° F) for 75 minutes
    • it is labeled as “New York Approved Heat-treated Firewood/Pest Free” with the producer’s name and address

  • Jumping Worms

    During the last ice age which ended about 11,000 years ago, New York State was covered with a thick sheet of ice.  As a result  there are no native earthworms in New York State.   Although jumping worms have established throughout the state, they have very discrete populations meaning that they are NOT found everywhere meaning that although they are here in Orange County, they are not found in everyone's yard.  Their continued spread is almost entirely from human activity meaning that we have an opportunity to stop their spread. 

    
    

    Watch the claymation video below to learn:

    •  what makes jumping worms a threat to Northeastern forests
    • what makes them so invasive
    • what you can do to prevent their spread
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    URL

    VIDEO: Invasive Jumping Worms - Claymation URL

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    VIDEO: Jumping Worms in Action URL

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    Watch footage of jumping worms in action!
    

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    Jumping Worm - Minnesota Department of Natural Resources URL

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    Pay close attention to the section entitled "What you should do" to learn how you can help prevent the spread of jumping worms.
    

  • Spongy Moth (formerly Gypsy Moth)

    Intentionally brought to the United States in 1869 by an amateur entomologist trying to use it to produce silk, spongy moth caterpillars escaped from the lab in Massachusetts and slowly spread throughout the northeastern United States.

    
    

    Because adult female spongy moth cannot fly, their [non-human assisted] spread is limited to the dispersal of newly hatched caterpillars.  This dispersal is achieved by ballooning or when young caterpillars climb to the top of the tree where they hatched, dangle a silk thread in the air, and let wind carry them away.

    
    

    The National Slow the Spread Program works to contain this highly destructive invasive insect through:

    • public education
    • monitoring
      • trapping
    • aerial applications of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki  (Btk)
      
    • mating disruption
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    URL

    National Slow the Spread Program - USDA Forest Service URL

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    Spongy Moth - NYS IPM - Cornell University URL

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  • Spotted Lanternfly
    

    Spotted lanternfly arrived in the United States on a shipment of stone to Berks County, Pennsylvania in 2012.  The main method of dispersion has been human acticity and it is now been found in 17 states.  Although it will most likely become widespread throughout Orange County it is currently only found in certain areas. Learn what you can do to help stop the spread.
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    URL

    Spotted Lanternfly Distribution Map - NYS IPM - Cornell University URL

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    Stop the Spread of Spotted Lanternfly - NYS IPM - Cornell University URL

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    Spotted Lanternfly Management Guide - Penn State Extension URL

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  • Management (Long-term Control)

    There comes a point when the only thing that can be done about an invasive species is manage their populations.  In our area this is the case with the:

    • brown mamorated stink bug
    • emerald ash borer
    • hemlock woolly adelgid
    • Japanese beetles
    • multicolored Asian lady beetle
      
    • spotted wing drosophila
      
  • Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
    
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    URL

    Brown Marmorated Stink Bug - NYS IPM URL

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    URL

    Stop Brown Marmorated Stink Bug - USDA URL

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  • Emerald Ash Borer
    
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    URL

    Emerald Ash Borer Information Network - Michigan State University URL

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  • Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
    
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    URL

    New York State Hemlock Initiative - Cornell University URL

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  • Japanese Beetle
    
  • Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle

    Allies outdoors, pests indoors.
    
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    URL

    Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle - NYS IPM URL

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  • Spotted Wing Drosophila

    Unlike other fruit and vinegar flies, they lay their eggs inside fresh fruit, often before harvest.
    
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    URL

    Spotted Wing Drosophila - NYS IPM URL

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